Design and application of ISM RF front-end module

The 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical Device (ISM) is a publicly available wireless frequency band. Short-range wireless data communications such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and ZigBee operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.

For the 2.4GHz ISM band wireless applications, RADICO Microelectronics has introduced the RDAT212 RF front-end module. The T212 integrates a power amplifier (PA), a low noise amplifier (LNA), an antenna switch (Antenna Switch), and a power detector (Power Detector), and adds special power-saving features for PA bandpass and LNA bandpass. The antenna end is designed with ESD protection. The T212 chip uses the standard QFN3 & TImes; 3mm2 ultra-small package, the input and output have integrated DC blocking capacitor and matching circuit, and the external components only need a small amount of filter capacitor, which greatly simplifies the PCB design.

The T212 RF front-end module, which is highly integrated, ultra-small and provides power-saving features, is promising in mobile Bluetooth and 802.11.b/g expansion applications. At the same time, the T212 chip also has excellent linearity and supports high-speed applications of Bluetooth 2.0.

T212 module performance

The power amplifier integrated in the T212 RF front-end module is fabricated using an advanced GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (GaAs HBT) process, and the low noise amplifier and antenna switch are enhanced high electron mobility field effect transistor (E-PHEMT) process. manufacture. Although not in the form of a differential PA, the T212 still provides customers with differential input pins, eliminating the need for customers to care about differential-to-single-ended designs.

The T212 integrated power amplifier is a high linearity and high efficiency PA with 20dB gain in the 2.4GHz~2.5GHz band and a third-order intermodulation IM3 less than -30dBc with a linear output power of 18dBm. The PA's quiescent operating current can be as low as 10mA, saturated output power up to 23dBm, and power added efficiency up to 45%. This high efficiency helps to extend the power supply time.

Design and application of 2.4GHz ISM RF front-end module

Figure 1: Functional block diagram of the T212 RF front-end module

The T212 integrated low noise amplifier has high linearity, 10dB gain in the 2.4GHz~2.5GHz band, operating current of only 4.5mA, noise figure less than 2.6dB (including switching losses), input third-order intercept point IIP3 Up to +8dBm. The LNA bypass function in the module can be used both as a power saving mode and as a dynamic range of the receiver.

The T212 module provides power saving for PA bandpass and LNA bandpass. No hardware changes are required, and the switching between the normal operating mode and the bypass power saving mode can be achieved simply by changing the control logic. In Bluetooth Class 1 applications, the module can provide 20dBm of output power at 0dBm input; in Bluetooth Class 2 applications, the module can be switched to the PA bandpass state without consuming current.

The T212 integrates power detection, which measures the output power of the amplifier by measuring the voltage at the PD terminal. The module uses QFN 3 & TImes; 3mm2 ultra-small package, the input and output have been internally matched to 50 ohms, the customer application does not need to design matching circuits on the PCB, making PCB board design easier. The output harmonics of the power amplifier have been suppressed to below -50dBc, and the filter is usually not required externally when applied. In this way, only a small amount of filter capacitor is needed outside the module, which reduces the size of the PCB and reduces the system cost, and is very suitable for the mobile phone Bluetooth application with special requirements on the device size.

Wireless application of T212 chip

1) Bluetooth application: T212 supports Bluetooth Bluetooth class1 and class2 applications. When applied to Bluetooth class 1, the T212 integrated power amplifier provides 20dBm output, which can extend the effective transmission distance of Bluetooth devices to 100 meters. The noise figure of T212 low noise amplifier is less than 2.6dB, which can greatly improve the sensitivity of the receiving link. . When applied to Bluetooth class 2, T212 can automatically switch to bypass power saving mode by changing the control logic, and no current is consumed at this time.

2) Wi-Fi application: The T212's high integration and low power consumption make it ideal for mobile Wi-Fi applications. The quiescent operating current of the power amplifier can be as low as 10 mA, and the operating current of the low noise amplifier is only 4.5 mA. When T212 is applied to 802.11g OFDM, it can output 15dBm and consume 60mA. The chip also integrates power detection circuitry to provide a complete power detection solution.

3) Other industrial applications: T212 can also be widely used in other 2.4GHz ISM band wireless applications, including 2.4G wireless digital audio and video transmission module, handheld terminal PDA, smart toys, automated data acquisition systems, industrial wireless control and other applications. For wireless devices, the antenna end exposed to the outside is most vulnerable to ESD damage. The T212 has an ESD protection design for the antenna end, and the anti-static 8000V can be used in the human body mode, which greatly enhances the safety of industrial equipment.

WLAN/WiMax application extension

For higher power WLAN/WiMax applications, RADI also has a W260 power amplifier chip that operates in the 2.3~2.7GHz band. It can output linear power of 26dBm @ -30dBc IM3 when operating at 3.3V power supply. It can output linear power of 29dBm@ -30dBc IM3. At the same time, the power amplifier chip W560 for 5.8 GHz WLAN is also under development, and samples are expected to be available in the near future. In this way, RADI can provide the 2.4G ISM band, covering low-power RF modules such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to complete solutions for high-power amplifier chips such as WLAN/WiMax, fully meeting the needs of customers.

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