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LED characteristics: cold light does not generate heat, long component life (100,000 hours or more), fast response, small size, low power consumption, suitable for mass production, high reliability.
LED fabrication materials are usually III-V elements such as arsenic, phosphorus, gallium, etc. The fabrication process includes upstream wafer fabrication, epitaxial growth, midstream diffusion processes, metal evaporation, die fabrication, and downstream product packaging and applications. Market, etc.
Market Overview: LED can be divided into visible light (450~780nm) and invisible light. In the visible light part, traditional brightness products are mature products. Although the output is large, the annual compound growth rate is only 10% due to low price and low output value. High-brightness LED is the current mainstream product, mainly used in large billboards, traffic signs, backlights, and third brake lights for automobiles. The more mature AlGaInP (red, orange, yellow) is widely used, the patent problem is not big, the price has been close to the traditional brightness, and the application field is huge. At present, the most popular products are GaInN (blue, green) products. In recent years, the demand for blue backlight mobile phones is strong, and the products should not be overwhelmed. GaInN+ phosphor (white light) is mainly used in lighting. Due to the breakthrough of blue light, the global manufacturers have invested in the research and development of white light lighting, and the recent full-color mobile phones are popular, making the white light backlight hot. If the future technology advances, it will gradually replace the general. The lighting market has huge business opportunities.
In terms of invisible light, it is mainly used in the fields of infrared (850~950nm) and optical communication (850~1550nm). Due to the high investment in this area and the technical difficulty, the price and gross profit margin of the product are also good. The current market is beautiful. Japan, Europe and other big factories to divide the situation.
According to the estimates of Strategies Unlimited, the world's visible light LED production value in 1998 was the highest with a share of 1.04 billion US dollars and 54.1%; the second is Taiwan's 346 million US dollars, 18% market share, the United States with 16.5%, 318 million US dollars, Ranked third; Europe has a value of 200 million US dollars and 10.4%.
LED application LEDs are widely used in communications, consumer electronics, automotive, lighting, signal lights, etc., which can be broadly divided into five major areas: backlight, lighting, electronic equipment, display, and automotive.
1. Car parts: The interior of the car includes indicators such as instrument panels and speakers, and the exterior of the car (third brake lights, left and right tail lights, direction lights, etc.). Currently, European series include Audi, BMW, Foss, etc. The brand's full range of high-brightness LEDs, and in the car factory, Toyota also took the lead in replacing the backlight panel of the instrument panel with high-brightness LEDs, and other new car manufacturers are also adopting. If you add front and rear lights, brake lights, traffic signs, etc., the traffic-related market, the business opportunities are very large. In the traffic light market, there are about 20 million traffic lights around the world. If you update 2 million seats a year, business opportunities can last for 10 years.
2, the backlight part: mainly mobile phone backlight source, is the largest market for SMD products. Although the growth rate of mobile phones has slowed down significantly in the past two years, there are still 400 million standards in the whole year. With 1 mobile phone with 2 LED backlights and 6 buttons with SMD LEDs, the demand for 400 million mobile phones is about one year. 3.2 billion LEDs. Recently, the trend of blue-backlit mobile phones in South Korea has made the market for blue-light LEDs in short supply. It is obvious that mobile phones still play a pivotal role in the LED application market. After the Blu-ray mobile phone, the current market is already a color screen mobile phone world. In the past, color-screen mobile phones were extremely high-end products, but the price of major components dropped this year, which caused the price difference between color-screen mobile phones and monochrome mobile phones to shrink. Coupled with the strong promotion of manufacturers, the wave-changing trend of mobile phones quietly occurred.
In addition, the two emerging products of PDA and DSC will also enter the stage of full-colorization, with considerable business opportunities.
3, display LED display as an emerging display media, with the rapid development of large-scale integrated circuits and computer technology, has been rapidly developed, it and the traditional display media - colorful neon, pixel tube video wall, four Compared with color magnetic flaps, it has been widely used in various industries due to its high brightness, good dynamic image display, low failure, low energy consumption, long service life, diverse display content, rich display mode and high performance-price ratio. .
4, electronic equipment and lighting
With its low power consumption, small size and long life, LED has become the first choice for various electronic equipment indicators. At present, almost all electronic devices have LED figures.
LED lighting has gradually evolved to the initial stage of commercialization, and there is still room for improvement in terms of service life and price. According to the manufacturer's prediction, in 2004, the luminous efficiency of white LED can reach 60lm /W which is the same as that of 20W fluorescent tube, and it will be increased to 100 lm/W in 2010, which is enough to replace 40W fluorescent tube. As for the unit price, it will be reduced from 20 yen per year to 20% per year. The rapid decline in prices has led to a rapid increase in the application of white LEDs, but the most promising future is the replacement of white LEDs for incandescent tungsten bulbs and fluorescent lamps.
Green LED application introduction
Principle of LED illumination: Light Emitting Diode (LED) is the output of light generated by the energy conversion during the combination of electrons and voids in the diode.