On the occasion of the booming Internet of Things (IoT), a variety of innovative electronic product designs are continually evolving, and device developers are fully committed to accelerating product development and time-to-market, so as to seize market share as early as possible. In view of the increasingly fierce market competition, understanding how to quickly master the electronic components necessary for IoT design, as well as the selection of important evaluation indicators and techniques for related components, is crucial to the promotion of product launch. Package The packaging of electronic components refers to how the components are mounted on the circuit board. Many parts are either soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), through a via, or using surface mount technology. Basic electronic components The simplest component is a discrete passive component. These parts have only a single function, such as providing resistors, capacitors, inductors, or adding voltage or current control. Most discrete components have only two to three pins. resistance The purpose of the resistor is to block the current in the circuit. The unit of resistance is ohms and the sign is ?. The resistor is packaged through a via or SMT method. The resistor has no polarity and can be mounted in any direction. Potentiometer The potentiometer is a variable resistor with three terminals. The potentiometer is a resistor with a third pin that allows for a change in resistance between terminals 1 and 2 or 2 and 3. A potentiometer can be used to allow the user to input circuitry such as a volume knob. Potentiometers have no polarity and are packaged in through-hole and SMT packages, usually with wire lugs. capacitance The capacitor stores the charge. Capacitors are mostly used for frequency filtering. Its unit is Faraday, F. A through hole or SMT package can be used. Electrolytic capacitors are polar and must be properly installed or the capacitors may be damaged. When purchasing capacitors, you must declare polarity, dielectric type (such as ceramic, plastic, paper, etc.), rated voltage and capacitance. inductance The inductor stores electrical energy in a magnetic field. Similar to capacitors, inductors are primarily used for frequency filtering. The unit of inductance is Henry. It is mostly available in through-hole or SMT packages and has no polarity limitations. Ferrite bead Ferrite beads, also known as chokes, provide impedance to the circuit. Ferrite beads are primarily used to prevent high frequency noise propagating on them, often at the end of the line with the connecting device. transformer A transformer is basically two inductors that are packaged together and send AC power from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. They are usually used to convert AC voltage. The number of windings per inductor determines how the voltage will be converted. diode The diode can allow or block the passage of current in the circuit based on the voltage across it. Current is passed only if the anode voltage is higher than the cathode, typically requiring at least 0.7 volts high. The diode acts like a check valve to prevent the voltage from going in the wrong direction. It is used for current conversion from AC to DC to prevent out of range input voltage. The AZener diode is a special type of diode used as a voltage regulator. Schottky diodes have a lower forward voltage drop (in the 0.15 to 0.45V range) and faster turn-on time. led Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are much like ordinary diodes, but are mainly used for illumination. Photodiode Photodiodes are the opposite of LEDs, which generate current in the case of illumination. This device is used to detect if there is light. Transistor Transistors are multi-function circuit components. This three-pin device can be used as a voltage or current dependent switch or as an amplifier or stabilizer depending on the circuit. There are two main technologies, the Bipolar Junction (BJT) and the Field Effect (FET). The pin terminals of these two transistors are different. BJT transistors are further divided into two types according to the polarity of the components, NPN and PNP. FET transistors are also classified according to n-channel and p-channel. Our
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